This appendix includes primary sources, legal documents, research, and reports relevant to the themes discussed in the National Urban League’s 2025 “George Floyd: Five Years Later” report. Resources are organized by topic with source titles and links for further reading.

National Urban League Advocacy & Coalition Efforts

• National Urban League v. Trump
  In 2023, the National Urban League joined Lambda Legal and other advocacy groups in filing a federal lawsuit challenging three executive orders issued by the Trump administration that targeted diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility programs.
  https://lambdalegal.org/case/national-urban-league-v-trump

• 21 Pillars Heartland Tour: Empowering Communities to Redefine Public Safety
  This Kansas City event focused on reimagining public safety through community empowerment, drawing on the Urban League’s "21 Pillars" framework for police accountability and community trust.
  https://kclibrary.org/events/21-pillars-heartland-tour-empowering-communities-redefine-public-safety

• 2023 National Urban League Annual Report
  The Urban League’s annual report summarizes affiliate achievements, national advocacy priorities, and ongoing efforts to dismantle racial disparities in health, education, employment, and housing.
  https://nul.org/sites/default/files/2023-09/23.64.NUL_.AR_.Book_.MEC%5B90%5D.pdf

• Demand Diversity Roundtable
  In response to growing federal hostility toward DEI efforts, the Urban League convened civil rights leaders, scholars, and policy experts to strategize against anti-equity policies.
  https://nul.org/news/demand-diversity-roundtable-convene-response-incoming-administrations-threat-dei

• Civil Rights and Economic Justice Convening
  This national convening brought together leading civil rights, economic justice, and public policy organizations to coordinate legal and legislative strategies for defending equity.
  https://nul.org/news/national-urban-league-convenes-leading-civil-rights-economic-justice-and-policy-organizations

Urban League Affiliate Initiatives in Police Reform and Racial Justice

• Urban League of Greater Southwestern Ohio – Center for Social Justice
  The Urban League of Greater Southwestern Ohio established the Center for Social Justice, which released a comprehensive report analyzing policing practices in Hamilton County, Ohio. The report aimed to inform policy changes and foster community trust in law enforcement.
  https://nul.org/news/urban-league-greater-southwestern-ohio-center-social-justice-releases-report-policing-hamilton

• Tallahassee Urban League – Community Policing Forums
  The Tallahassee Urban League organized a series of community policing forums, bringing together law enforcement officials and community members to discuss strategies for reducing gun violence and improving police-community relations.
  https://www.wtxl.com/news/local-news/tallahassee-urban-league-inc-to-host-second-community-policing-forum

• Central Florida Urban League – “Racial Justice Matters” Initiative
  The Central Florida Urban League launched the “Racial Justice Matters” campaign, including events like vehicle processions to honor civil rights leaders and raise awareness about racial justice issues in the community.
  https://www.cful.org/racial_justice_matters

• Los Angeles Urban League – “Racism & Policing in America” Panel Discussion
  The Los Angeles Urban League hosted a virtual panel discussion titled “Racism & Policing in America,” featuring legal experts and civil rights advocates to address systemic racism in law enforcement and explore solutions for reform.
  https://laul.org/event/racism-policing-in-america-a-panel-discussion/

• Chicago Urban League – Collaboration with Loyola University’s Institute for Racial Justice
  The Chicago Urban League partnered with Loyola University’s Institute for Racial Justice to host panels and discussions focusing on the state of Black Chicago, aiming to translate data into actionable community impact.
  https://www.linkedin.com/posts/institute-for-racial-justice-loyola-university-chicago_thank-you-to-chicago-urban-league-for-hosting-activity-7118237988458827776-tviz

• Urban League of Greater Southwestern Ohio – Center for Social Justice
  The Urban League of Greater Southwestern Ohio established the Center for Social Justice and released a detailed report on policing practices in Hamilton County to guide reform and build trust.
  https://nul.org/news/urban-league-greater-southwestern-ohio-center-social-justice-releases-report-policing-hamilton

• Tallahassee Urban League – Community Policing Forums
  Hosted a series of forums with law enforcement and community members to foster dialogue on reducing gun violence and improving police relations.
  https://www.wtxl.com/news/local-news/tallahassee-urban-league-inc-to-host-second-community-policing-forum

• Central Florida Urban League – “Racial Justice Matters” Initiative
  Launched campaigns and events to elevate racial justice awareness, including vehicle processions and local education efforts.
  https://www.cful.org/racial_justice_matters

• Los Angeles Urban League – “Racism & Policing in America” Panel
  Held a virtual discussion on systemic racism in policing with legal and civil rights experts offering solutions for reform.
  https://laul.org/event/racism-policing-in-america-a-panel-discussion/

• Chicago Urban League – Collaboration with Loyola University’s Institute for Racial Justice
  Partnered with Loyola University to hold panels and public discussions about Black Chicago, translating research into advocacy and policy dialogue.
  https://www.linkedin.com/posts/institute-for-racial-justice-loyola-university-chicago_thank-you-to-chicago-urban-league-for-hosting-activity-7118237988458827776-tviz

• Urban League of Greater Southwestern Ohio – Holloman Center for Social Justice
  Opened in 2020, this center focuses on racial equity and police reform in Southwestern Ohio through education, advocacy, and coalition-building.
  https://www.ulgso.org/csj

• Urban League of Greater Oklahoma City – Police Reform Recommendations
  Submitted a list of 39 recommendations to improve police practices in Oklahoma City, including community engagement and accountability reforms.
  https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/2022/03/09/oklahoma-city-urban-league-panel-police-reform-recommendations/9433253002/

• Urban League of Greater Cincinnati – Police Reform Center Launch
  Announced a new center for police reform with a $1 million donation aimed at reducing systemic inequities in law enforcement.
  https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/2020/06/26/urban-league-1-m-gift-create-police-reform-center-avondale/3255709001/

• Columbus Urban League – Racial Justice Advocacy and Reform
  Engaged in local policy advocacy, community healing initiatives, and public dialogues to push for meaningful changes in policing.
  https://www.columbusurbanleague.org/news/cul-joins-call-for-police-reform/

• Urban League of Palm Beach County – “Policing the Police” Forums
  Hosted a public forum series aimed at enhancing transparency and accountability within local police departments.
  https://www.ulpbc.org/news/urban-league-of-palm-beach-county-to-host-policing-the-police-town-hall-meeting/

The Fight to Preserve Democracy and Civil Rights

• State Attorneys General Sue Trump Administration Over NIH Funding Cuts
  Sixteen states filed suit against the Trump administration, challenging an attempt to cut funding to the National Institutes of Health, arguing it would jeopardize health equity initiatives.
  https://abcnews.go.com/Health/16-state-attorneys-general-sue-trump-administration-nih/story?id=120485445

• Democratic-Led States Challenge Trump’s Election Overhaul Order
  A multistate lawsuit was filed in response to a Trump administration executive order that sought to overhaul how elections are administered at the state level.
  https://www.reuters.com/world/us/democratic-led-states-sue-over-trumps-order-overhauling-elections-2025-04-03/

• Trump Targets Federal Judges for Impeachment Over Civil Rights Rulings
  AP reports on Trump-aligned efforts to impeach federal judges who upheld civil and human rights protections, including DEI-related decisions.
  https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-federal-judges-impeachment-29da1153a9f82106748098a6606fec39

• Chief Justice Roberts Joins Liberals in Pushback Against Trump Overreach
  A rare ideological alignment saw Chief Justice John Roberts join the Supreme Court’s liberal wing in decisions rebuking Trump administration policies deemed unconstitutional.
  https://www.newsweek.com/john-roberts-sides-supreme-court-liberals-against-donald-trump-2055687

Corporate Commitments to Racial Justice

• Corporate Commitments to Racial Justice: An Update
  A McKinsey analysis of over 1,300 companies reveals that $340 billion was pledged toward racial equity between May 2020 and October 2022—but implementation varies widely.
  https://www.mckinsey.com/institute-for-economic-mobility/our-insights/corporate-commitments-to-racial-justice-an-update

• Corporate America's $50 Billion Promise
  This interactive report by The Washington Post explores how companies responded to racial justice calls after George Floyd’s murder, and what has come of those pledges.
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/interactive/2021/george-floyd-corporate-america-racial-justice/

• What Good Looks Like: CBC Report on DEI Accountability
  The Congressional Black Caucus examines how corporate America has followed through on its promises, with recommendations for greater transparency and measurable results.
  https://nul.org/news/national-urban-league-convenes-leading-civil-rights-economic-justice-and-policy-organizations

• From Pledge to Progress
  Seramount’s one-year follow-up evaluates how major companies have acted on racial justice commitments, identifying best practices and shortcomings.
  https://seramount.com/articles/from-pledge-to-progress/ (link updated manually if needed)

• Our Racial Equity Commitment – JPMorgan Chase
  JPMorgan details its $30 billion commitment to racial equity, including programs supporting small businesses, affordable housing, and financial health for Black and Latino communities.
  https://www.jpmorganchase.com/impact/people/racialequity

• Citi’s Racial Equity Audit
  Citi outlines the outcomes of its $1 billion pledge to close the racial wealth gap, including expanded homeownership, small business funding, and workforce diversity metrics.
  https://www.citigroup.com/global/news/perspective/the-results-of-our-racial-equity-audit

• Where Brands' DEI Pledges Stand 5 Years Later
  Adweek examines how companies have followed up on their diversity, equity, and inclusion commitments—and where progress has stalled.
  https://www.adweek.com/brand-marketing/where-brands-dei-pledges-stand-5-years-after-george-floyd/

• Corporate Racial Equality Investments: One Year Later
  A Harvard Law School Forum article reviewing how corporate boards and shareholders responded to racial equity demands in the year following George Floyd’s death.
  https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2021/08/30/corporate-racial-equality-investments-one-year-later/

• The Fifteen Percent Pledge
  Founded by Aurora James, this nonprofit urges retailers to commit at least 15% of their shelf space to Black-owned businesses, addressing long-standing inequities in consumer markets.
  https://www.fifteenpercentpledge.org/

Federal Legislation & Policy

• George Floyd Justice in Policing Act (H.R. 1280)
  This comprehensive police reform bill passed the House of Representatives but stalled in the Senate. It proposed limits on qualified immunity, banned chokeholds, and created a national misconduct registry.
  https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1280

• American Rescue Plan Act (H.R. 1319)
  Passed in 2021, this law invested heavily in pandemic relief, economic recovery, and racial equity. It included targeted support for education, healthcare, housing, and small businesses in Black communities.
  https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1319

• CHIPS and Science Act (H.R. 4346)
  This legislation funded U.S. semiconductor manufacturing and technology research, with provisions supporting STEM access and inclusion for underrepresented communities.
  https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/4346

Biden Administration Racial Justice Initiatives

• Executive Order on Police Reform
  Issued in 2022, this executive order created national accreditation standards for law enforcement, promoted officer accountability, and restricted no-knock warrants for federal officers.
  https://www.aclu.org/news/criminal-law-reform/the-biden-administrations-executive-order-on-policing-is-a-foundation-to-build-upon

• Federal Register: Advancing Effective, Accountable Policing
  Official notice of the executive order’s implementation, detailing reforms meant to enhance transparency, build public trust, and standardize federal policing.
  https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/05/31/2022-11810/advancing-effective-accountable-policing-and-criminal-justice-practices-to-enhance-public-trust-and

• Inflation Reduction Act: Impact on Black Communities
  This White House fact sheet outlines how the landmark climate and tax law included provisions to reduce health care costs, invest in HBCUs, and create clean energy jobs in underserved areas.
  https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/08/16/fact-sheet-how-the-inflation-reduction-act-helps-black-communities/

• Biden-Harris Administration 2023 Year in Review
  This progress report from Democrats Abroad highlights racial equity achievements across health, housing, justice, and workforce development.
  https://www.democratsabroad.org/2023_year_in_review_biden_harris_administration_wins

• Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA)
  The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law includes targeted investments in transportation access, broadband equity, and environmental justice for marginalized communities.
  https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/legislative-mandates/bipartisan-infrastructure-law-bil-infrastructure-investment-and-jobs-act-iija

• Public Inspection Document: EO Implementation Updates (2025)
  Draft federal guidance issued in 2025 to expand the scope of police accountability and improve compliance tracking across federal law enforcement agencies.
  https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2025-01901.pdf?1737985517

DOJ Police Reform Investigations and Consent Decrees

• United States DOJ Findings Report: Worcester Police Department (2024)
  The Department of Justice found that Worcester Police engaged in a pattern of excessive force and discriminatory policing, violating constitutional rights.
  https://nul.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/2024_12_09_CSC%20DOJ%20Finding%20Report%20-%20Worcester%20PD.pdf

• DOJ Press Release: Investigation of NYPD Special Victims Division (2022)
  DOJ announced an investigation into the NYPD’s Special Victims Division over allegations of gender-biased policing and mishandling of sexual assault cases.
  https://nul.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/2022_06_30_CSC%20DOJ%20Press%20Release%20NYPD%20SVD%20Investigation.pdf

• Investigation Announcement: Oklahoma Mental Health Services and Oklahoma City Police Department (2022)
  The DOJ launched an investigation into whether Oklahoma institutions violate the rights of people in mental health crisis, particularly through law enforcement practices.
  https://nul.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/2022_11_17_CSC%20DOJ%20Press%20Release%20Investigation%20of%20OK%20Mental%20Health%20Services.pdf

• DOJ Press Release: Civil Rights Investigation of Rankin County Sheriff’s Department (2024)
  DOJ opened a civil investigation into the Rankin County Sheriff’s Office following multiple reports of police brutality, excessive force, and racial discrimination.
  https://nul.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/2024_09_19_CSC%20DOJ%20Press%20Release%20Civil%20Rights%20Investigation%20of%20Rankin%20County%20MS.pdf

• DOJ Findings Report: Mount Vernon Police Department (2024)
  DOJ concluded that Mount Vernon police routinely violated constitutional rights through use of excessive force, unlawful searches, and racial profiling.
  https://nul.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/2024_12_12_%20CSC%20DOJ%20Mt.%20Vernon%20Findings%20Report.pdf

• Consent Decree: Minneapolis Police Department and City of Minneapolis (2025)
  A legally binding agreement between DOJ and Minneapolis mandates sweeping police reforms following the killing of George Floyd and DOJ's pattern-or-practice investigation.
  https://nul.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/2025_01_06_CSC%20Minneapolis%20PD%20Consent%20Decree.pdf

• Consent Decree: Louisville Metro Government and Louisville Metro Police Department (2024)
  DOJ and the City of Louisville entered into an agreement to reform discriminatory and abusive practices by Louisville police identified in a federal investigation.
  https://nul.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/2024_12_12_CSC%20DOJ%20Agreement%20In%20Principle%20-%20Louisville%20Metro.pdf

• Fact Sheet: Louisville Metro Consent Decree (2024)
  A summary of key provisions in the DOJ’s consent decree with Louisville, outlining commitments to improve accountability, training, and community engagement.
  https://nul.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/2024_12_12_%20CSC%20DOJ%20Fact%20Sheet%20-%20Louisville%20Metro%20Consent%20Decree.pdf

• Case Summary: DOJ Investigation of Louisiana State Police (2024)
  This summary outlines findings of excessive force, racial profiling, and cover-ups of abuse within the Louisiana State Police.
  https://nul.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/2024_CSC%20DOJ%20Louisiana%20State%20Police%20Case%20Summary.pdf

• DOJ Press Release: Former Memphis Police Officer Pleads Guilty in Tyre Nichols Case (2023)
  A former officer pleaded guilty to federal civil rights charges in the fatal beating of Tyre Nichols, marking a major DOJ prosecution under the post-Floyd enforcement push.
  https://nul.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/2023_11_02_CSC%20DOJ%20Press%20Release%20Former%20Memphis%20Police%20Officer%20Pleads%20Guilty%20to%20Federal%20Charges.pdf

• Federal Criminal Charges: Rankin County Law Enforcement Officers (2023)
  DOJ brought charges against Rankin County officers for kidnapping and torturing detainees, part of broader federal scrutiny of Mississippi law enforcement.
  https://nul.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/2023_07_31_CSC%20Rankin%20County%20Charging%20Doc.pdf

• DOJ Civil Rights Complaint: Fulton County Jail and Fulton County Sheriff’s Office (2025)
  DOJ filed a formal complaint alleging systemic constitutional violations at the Fulton County Jail, including excessive use of force and dangerous conditions.
  https://nul.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/2025_01_02_CSC%20DOJ%20Complaint%20-%20Fulton%20County%20Jail.pdf

• Consent Decree: Fulton County Jail and Fulton County Sheriff’s Office (2024)
  The DOJ secured a consent decree mandating reforms at the Fulton County Jail following widespread reports of abuse and neglect.
  https://nul.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/2024_11_14_CSC%20DOJ%20Consent%20Decree%20-%20Fulton%20County%20Jail.pdf

• Findings Report: City of Trenton and Trenton Police Department (2024)
  DOJ found that the Trenton PD engaged in unconstitutional policing, including discriminatory stops, searches, and excessive use of force.
  https://nul.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/2024_11_21_CSC%20DOJ%20Trenton%20PD%20Findings%20Report.pdf

• Executive Summary: DOJ Findings on Phoenix Police Department (2024)
  A federal review of Phoenix PD revealed a pattern of unconstitutional conduct, including retaliatory policing and excessive force.
  https://nul.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/2024_06_13_CSC%20Phoenix%20PD%20Findings%20Executive%20Summary.pdf

• Findings Report: City of Lexington, MS and Lexington Police Department (2024)
  DOJ identified systemic civil rights violations within Lexington’s police force, including the jailing of residents for unpaid fines and discriminatory practices.
  https://nul.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/2024_09_26_CSC%20DOJ%20Lexington%20PD%20Findings%20Report.pdf

• Findings Report: Alvin S. Glenn Detention Center, SC (2025)
  DOJ concluded that conditions at this South Carolina jail violated constitutional protections due to overcrowding, staff misconduct, and lack of medical care.
  https://nul.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/2025_01_15_CSC%20DOJ%20Findings%20Report%20-%20Alvin%20S%20Glenn%20Detention%20Center%20SC.pdf

• Memorandum of Agreement: Sangamon County, IL and DOJ (2025)
  An agreement outlining reforms in Sangamon County following a fatal police shooting and DOJ concerns over systemic civil rights issues.
  https://nul.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/2025_01_06_CSC%20Sangamon%20County%20-%20DOJ%20MOA.pdf

•  

Supreme Court and Civil Rights Rollbacks

• Fearless Fund Grant Program Shut Down
  A Georgia judge ruled against the Fearless Fund, a nonprofit supporting Black women entrepreneurs, citing alleged racial discrimination—raising concerns about limits on race-conscious giving.
  https://www.npr.org/2024/09/11/nx-s1-5108729/fearless-fund-atlanta-grant-program-shut-down-lawsuit

• Supreme Court Strikes Down Biden’s Student Loan Forgiveness Program
  In 2023, the Court invalidated President Biden’s student debt relief plan, ruling that it exceeded executive authority without explicit congressional approval.
  https://www.scotusblog.com/2023/06/supreme-court-strikes-down-biden-student-loan-forgiveness-program/

• Supreme Court Overturns Affirmative Action in College Admissions
  A landmark 2023 decision ended race-conscious admissions in higher education, stating that such programs violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Constitution.
  https://www.scotusblog.com/2023/06/supreme-court-strikes-down-affirmative-action-programs-in-college-admissions/

Philanthropy and Community Investment

• Giving to Racial Equity Declines After Initial Surge
  According to Forbes, philanthropic commitments to racial equity totaled $16.5 billion in 2020, but dropped to $7.9 billion in 2021—still above pre-2020 levels, but raising concerns about long-term sustainability.
  https://www.forbes.com/sites/afdhelaziz/2023/06/07/4-years-after-george-floyd-giving-to-racial-equity-is-under-pressure/

• Business Roundtable Impact Report on Economic Opportunity
  This report reviews efforts by major U.S. corporations to expand economic opportunity for communities of color, including updates on hiring, procurement, and community investment initiatives.
  https://www.businessroundtable.org/reports/impact-report-on-member-company-efforts-to-expand-economic-opportunity

• Racial Justice Initiative by As You Sow
  A nonprofit-led initiative educating investors and corporations on how to integrate racial justice into governance, transparency, and accountability frameworks.
  https://www.asyousow.org/racial-justice-initiative